Harassed? Intimidated? Guidebook offers help to scientists under attack

Intimidation and harassment have become an occupational hazard for scholars studying phenomena linked to politics, including climate change, disinformation and virology. Now, researchers have united to create a defence playbook that offers tactics for dealing with this reality. Their message is clear: scientists can take steps to protect themselves, but their institutions also need to have a support plan in place.

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“It’s universities and the academic institutions that have the primary responsibility to act,” says Rebekah Tromble, who leads the Institute for Data, Democracy, and Politics at George Washington University in Washington DC, and has herself experienced harassment because of her work. “They are the employers, and frankly it’s the type of public-interest scholarship that they are incentivizing that puts scholars at risk.”
Tromble worked with Kathleen Searles, a political scientist at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, to develop an initiative called the Researcher Support Consortium, launched today in Washington DC. With the support of multiple non-profit organizations, they developed a series of recommendations for US researchers (although they could be used by others), funding agencies and academic institutions, including template policies for universities that lay out best practices for responding to attacks on scholars.
The consortium isn’t the first to tackle the issue, but it has provided the most comprehensive guide available, says Isaac Kamola, director of the Center for the Defense of Academic Freedom at the American Association of University Professors, based in Washington DC. “It is the new industry standard.”
Climate scientists have been grappling with harassment and threats over their work for more than a decade. In recent years, however, attacks have spread to biomedical researchers and social scientists. For instance, in 2021, a Nature survey of 300 scientists who had given media interviews about the COVID-19 pandemic found that more than two-thirds had had negative experiences because of their public interactions; 22% had received threats of physical or sexual violence. And in the past two years, researchers who study the spread of election and vaccine misinformation on social media have been at the centre of US congressional investigations and lawsuits.

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The consortium’s advice for researchers who think they are at risk starts with simple steps such as removing personal contact information and office locations from publicly available websites. But the organization also points to more sophisticated strategies, such as applying for a ‘Certificate of Confidentiality’ from the US National Institutes of Health, which protects the privacy of participants in research studies. Funding agencies and grant managers, meanwhile, are urged to issue messages of support to both grant recipients and their research institutions.
But the bulk of the consortium’s recommendations focus on academic institutions. The group’s 43-page toolkit for institutions outlines steps universities can take to prepare for attacks on their scholars, rather than scrambling to react to harassment after it has happened. The first steps are to establish policies in advance, to set up codes of conduct for students and academic staff, and to create reporting systems. Institutions should also establish committees of administrators, department heads, members of communications staff, legal advisers and others who are ready to act.
Specialists contacted by Nature say these are useful guidelines and will be helpful, if they are followed. “Unfortunately, I don’t think it will stop researchers from needing their own lawyers when things get dire,” says Lauren Kurtz, executive director of the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund, a non-profit organization in New York City that was created in 2011 to provide free legal aid to climate scientists. The fundamental problem, Kurtz says, is that institutions often focus more on protecting themselves than on looking after their faculty members and frequently decline to provide legal counsel to their employees.

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The Association of American Universities in Washington DC, whose members include more than 65 US public and private institutions, did not respond to Nature’s request for comment.
Tromble says the consortium is designed to operate in tandem with organizations that provide legal support to scientists. One such service is the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University in New York City, which announced in November last year that it would provide legal support for researchers who study social media.
The stakes are high — for researchers, for science and for the United States, Kamola says. “Defending faculty from harassment is essential for protecting the long-term integrity of research, the integrity of the institutions in which we work and the integrity of our democracy.”